Comparative study of AISI 4340 and AISI 347 nitrocarburizing by Tenifer-QPQ® process
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.136Keywords:
Austenitic nitrocarburizing, Ferritic nitrocarburizing, Liquid nitrocarburizing, Microestructure, Tennifer®QPQ process, WearAbstract
This paper studies the microstructural and tribological differences of layers formed during the ferritic nitrocarburizing of AISI 4340 alloy steel and AISI 347 stabilized stainless steel. The samples were exposed to different times of immersion in a nitrocarburizing bath (60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min) at 580 °C. Subsequently, they were subjected to an oxidation process at 480 °C in order to form a Fe3O4 layer. Surface microstructural studies were carried out by SEM-EDS and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Wear and friction coefficient of nitrocarburized samples and non-treated samples were studied by pin-on-disk test. The results show two well-differentiated zones in AISI 4340 steel: an outer oxides layer, a white layer or compound layer and a diffusion zone. However, the compound layer was not found in AISI 347 steel. In both steels, the specific wear coefficient (k) of nitrocarburated samples is about thirty times lower than the reference samples.
Downloads
References
Archard, J.F. (2004). Contact and rubbing of flat surface. J. Appl. Phys. 24 (8), 981-988. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1721448
Brühl, S.P., Cabo, A., Tuckart, W., Prieto, G. (2016). Tribological behaviour of nitrided and nitrocarburized carbon steel used to produce engine parts. Ind. Lubr. Tribol. 68 (1), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-07-2015-0101
Chang, C.N., Chen, F.S. (2003). Wear resistance evaluation of plasma nitrocarburized AISI 316L stainless steel. Mater. Chem. Phys. 82 (2), 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(03)00234-7
Dong, H. (2010). S-phase surface engineering of Fe-Cr, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys. Int. Mater. Rev. 55 (2), 65-98. https://doi.org/10.1179/095066009X12572530170589
Fattah, M., Mahboubi, F. (2010). Comparison of ferritic and austenitic plasma nitriding and nitrocarburizing behavior of AISI 4140 low alloy steel. Mater. Design 31 (8), 3915- 3921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.03.008
Flodström, I. (2012). Nitrocarburizing and High Temperature Nitriding of Steels in Bearing Applications. Master of Science Thesis, Department of Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
Funatani, K. (2004). Low-Temperature Salt Bath Nitriding of Steels. Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 46 (7-8), 277-281. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MSAT.0000048834.48163.2e
Karl, A., Beamer, C. (2016). Applications and Design of Low Temperature Surface Hardened Stainless Steel Components in Automotive Applications. SAE Int. J. Mater. Manuf. 9 (3), 679-684. https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0425
García, A., Vargas, G., López, J. (2018). Surface microstructural evolution of AISI 304 L stainless steel oxy-nitrocarburized in a cyanide-free salt bath and its potential application in solar collectors. Surf. Coat. Tech. 353, 190-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.08.078
Li, G., Peng, Q., Li, C., Wang, Y., Gao, J., Chen, S., Wang, J., Shen, B. (2008a). Microstructure analysis of 304L austenitic stainless steel by QPQ complex salt bath treatment. Mater. Charact. 59 (9), 1359-1363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2007.09.011
Li, G., Wang, J., Peng, Q., Li, C., Wang, Y., Shen, B. (2008b). Influence of salt bath nitrocarburizing and post-oxidation process on surface microstructure evolution of 17-4PH stainless steel. J. Mater. Process. Tech. 207, 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.12.082
Maru?i?, K., Otma?i?, H., Landek, D., Cajner, F., Stupni?ek- Lisac, E. (2006). Modification of carbon steel surface by the Tenifer® process of nitrocarburizing and post-oxidation. Surf. Coat. Tech. 201 (6), 3415-3421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.231
Mittemeijer, E.J. (2013). Fundamentals of Nitriding and Nitrocarburizing. In Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processe. Dossett, J. and Totten, G.E (Editors), Volume 4A, ASM Handbook, ASM International, Materials Park (Ohio), pp. 619-646. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005818
Schneider, R.S.E. (2014). Austenitic nitriding and nitrocarburizing of steels. In Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels: Improving Materials Performance. Mittemeijer, E.J., Somers, M.A.J (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 373-400. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096524.3.373
Wang, J., Lin, Y., Zhang, Q, Zeng, D., Fan, H. (2014). Effect of treatment time on the microstructure of austenitic stainless steel during low-temperature liquid nitrocarburizing. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45 (10), 4525-4534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2418-7
Wu, D., Ge, Y., Kahn, H., Ernst, F., Heuer, A.H. (2015). Diffusion profiles after nitrocarburizing austenitic stainless steel. Surf. Coat. Tech. 279, 180-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.08.048
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
