Aluminium foams. Manufacture, properties and applications

Authors

  • J. A. Gutiérrez-Vázquez Dept. Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales, ETSI Industriales. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
  • J. Oñoro Dept. Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales, ETSI Industriales. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.0751

Keywords:

Aluminium foam, Foaming, Precursor, Foaming agent, Porosity

Abstract


Aluminium foams are porous materials to have many interesting combinations of physical and mechanical properties, such as high stiffness in conjunction with very low specific weight. The aluminium foam structure, manufacture processes, physical, chemical and mechanical properties and applications are reviewed in this paper. The various manufacturing processes are classified according to the state of matter in which the metal is processed. Liquid aluminium can be foamed directly by injecting gas or gas-releasing blowing agents. Indirect methods include melting of powder compacts which contain a blowing agent. An inert gas entrapped in powder compacts can produce aluminium foams in solid state after heat treatment. Electro-deposition or metal vapour deposition also allow for the production of aluminium foams. Physical, chemical and mechanical properties and the various ways for characterising the aluminium foams are reviewed in second section of this paper. Finally, the various application fields for aluminium foams are discussed. They are divided into different industrial sectors.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] S. Banerjee y R. Ramanujan, Advances in Physical Metallurgy, Taylor and Francis, New York, EE. UU., 1996, pp. 127-135.

[2] J. Banhart, Proc. Eurofoam (2000), P. Zitta, J. Banhart y G.Verbist, (eds.), MIT-Verlag, Bremen, Alemania, 2001 pp. 398-410.

[3] J.W. Spretnak, Technical Notes on Forging, FIERF, Cleveland, EE. UU. 1977, pp. 2-6.

[4] W. Sullivan, The Story of Metals, ASM, Cleveland, EE. UU., 1960, pp. 3-47.

[5] B. Sosnick, Patente EE. UU. No. 2,434,775, 1948.

[6] W.O. Soboyejo y T.S. Srivatsan, Advanced Structural Materials: Properties, Design Optimization, and Applications, Ed. CRC Press, New Jersey, EE. UU., 2007, pp. 103-120.

[7] B. C. Allen, M. W. Mote y A. M, Sabroff, Patente EE. UU. No. 3,087,807, 1963.

[8] P. W Hardy y G. W Peisker, Patente EE. UU. No. 3,300,296, 1967.

[9] A. Valencia, Metalurgia Física, Ed. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia, 1987, pp. 53-61.

[10] F. Mehl y J. Wiley, The Historical Development of Physical Metallurgy, Physical Metallurgy, New Cork, 1965, pp. 1-8.

[11] J. Banhart y D. Weaire, Phys. Today 55 (2002) 37-42. doi:10.1063/1.1506749

[12] M. F. Ashby, A. G. Evans y J. W. Hutchinson, Curr. Opin. Solid St. Mat. Sci. 3 (1998) 288-303. doi:10.1016/S1359-0286(98)80105-8

[13] D. Stauffer y A. Aharony, Introduction to Percolation Theory, 2nd ed., Taylor & Francis, Londres, Inglaterra, 1992, pp. 181-194.

[14] Z. Wu y D. P. He, Chinese Sci. Bull. 45 (2000) 348-352.

[15] F. Simanãík, H. P. Degischer y H. WÖRZ, Technical Report No. 1, O 95/5305/035, IMMM SAS, 1996, pp. 30-42.

[16] FUNDACIÓN OPTI, Vigilancia Tecnológica 17, 2004, pp. 8-9.

[17] V. Gergely y T. W. Clyne, Adv. Eng. Mater. 2 (2000) 8-175. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1527-2648(200004)2:4<175::AID-ADEM175>3.0.CO;2-W

[18] V. Gergely, D. C. Curran y T. W. Clyne, Compos. Sci. Technol. 63 (2003) 2.301-2.310.

[19] V.I. Shapovalov, Patente EE. UU. No. 5,181,549, 1993.

[20] G.J. Davis y S. Zhen, J. Mater. Sci. 18 (1983) 1.899–1.911.

[21] L. Jin, L. Kenny y H. Sang, Patente EE. UU. No 4973358, 1990.

[22] http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk (5 de Junio 2007)

[23] J. Babjak, V.A. Ettel y V. Paserin, Patente EE.UU. No. 4957543, 1990.

[24] V. Paserin, S. Marcuson, J. Shu y D. S. Wilkinson, Adv. Eng. Mater. 6 (2004) 454-459. doi:10.1002/adem.200405142

[25] F. Simancík, J. Jerz, J. Kovácik y P. Minár, Aluminium foam- a new light weight structural material, Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 1997, pp. 265-277.

[26] D. Stauffer y A. Aharony, Introduction to Percolation Theory, 2nd ed., Taylor & Francis, Londres, Inglaterra, 1994, pp. 354-378

[27] S. Arbabi y M. Sahimi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 725-733. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.725

[28] P. Tobolka y J. Kováãik, Kov. Mater. 34 (1996) 20-28.

[29] M.F. Ashby, A.G. Evans, N.A. Fleck, L.J. Gibson, J.W. Hutchinson Y H.G.N. Wadley, Metal Foams: a design guide, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, Inglaterra, 2000, pp. 263-278.

[30] A.G. Evans, J.W. Hutchinson, N.A. Fleck, M.F. Ashby y H.N.G. Wadley, Prog. Mater. Sci. 46 (2001) 309-327. doi:10.1016/S0079-6425(00)00016-5

[31] B. Chalmers, Metalurgia física, 2ª edición 1962. Aguilar S.A. de Ediciones Madrid, España, 1968, pp. 447-452.

[32] F. Simancik, H. P. Degischer y H. Wörz, Foamed Aluminium- Light Structural and Insulation Material, Euromat (1995), Venice/Padua, Italia, Assoziazione Italiana di Metallurgica, Milan, Italia, 1995, pp.191-196

[33] S. Feliu y M. C. Andrade, Corrosión y Protección Metálicas Vol. 1, CSIC, Madrid, España, 1991, pp. 261-266.

[34] U.R. Evans, Corrosiones Metálicas, Ed. Reverté Barcelona, Bogotá, Buenos Aires, Caracas, México, 1ª edición, 1987 pp. 319-327.

[35] J.S. Blazy, A. Marie-Louise, S. Forest, Y. Chastel, A. Pineau, A. Awade, C. Grolleron y F. Moussy, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 46 (2004) 217-244. doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2004.03.005

[36] E. Andrews, W. Sanders y L.J. Gibson, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 270 (1999) 113–124. doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00170-7

[37] O. B. Olurin, N. A. Fleck y M. F. Ashby, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 291 (2000) 136–146. doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00954-0

[39] J. Banhart y J. Baumeister, J. Mater. Sci. 33 (1998) 1.431-1.440.

[40] J. Bin, W. Zejun y Z. Naiqin, Scr. Mater. 56 (2007) 169-172. doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.08.070

[41] J. Banhart, M. F. Ashby y N. A. Fleck (Eds.), Proc. MetFoam 2001, International Conf. Cellular Metals and Metal Foaming Technology, MITVerlag, Bremen, Alemania, 2001, pp. 18-20

[42] U. Ramamurty Y A. Paul, Acta Mater. 52 (2003) 869-876. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2003.10.021

[43] C. Chen, A.M. Harte y N.A. Fleck, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 43 (1991) 1.483-1.506.

[44] N. A. Fleck y J. W. Hutchinson, Adv. App. Mech. 33 (1997) 295-361. doi:10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70388-0

[45] C. Chen, N. A. Fleck y T. J. Lu, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 49 (2001) 231-259. doi:10.1016/S0022-5096(00)00039-9

[46] I. Jeon y T. Asahina, Acta Mater. 53 (2005) 3.415-3.423.

[47] E. Markaki y T.W. Clyne, Mater. Sci. Eng. A323 (2002) 260-269. doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01344-2

[48] D.D. Radford, V.S. Deshpande y N.A. Fleck, Int. J. Impact Eng. 31 (2005) 1.152-1.171.

[49] H. W. Seeliger, Int. Conf., Bremen, Banhart J, AshbyMF, Fleck NA (Eds.), MIT Press-Verlag, Bremen, Alemania, 1999, pp. 29-38.

[50] J. Banhart, Prog. Mater. Sci. 46 (2001) 559-632. doi:10.1016/S0079-6425(00)00002-5

[51] S. J. Cox, G. Bradley y D. Weaire, Eur. Phys. J. AP 14 (2001) 87-96. doi:10.1051/epjap:2001141

[52] D. Weaire, S. Hutzler, S. J. Cox, N. Kern, M. D. Alonso y W. Drenckhan, J. Phys.: Condens. Mat. 15 (2003) 65-73. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/15/1/307

[53] M.F. Ashby, C.J. Seymour y D. Cebon, Metal Foams and Honeycombs Database, Granta Design, Cambridge, Inglaterra, 1997, pp. 56-74

[54] L.M. Niebylski y R. J. Fanning, SAE Transactions 720490 (1972) 216-241.

[55] http://www.metcomb.com (27 de Julio 2007)

[56] H.W. Seeliger, Proc. Fraunhofer USA Symposium on Metal Foams, Banhart J. Eifert H. (Eds.), MIT Press-Verlag Stanton, EE. UU., Bremen, Alemania, 1997, pp. 79-95.

[57] http://www.cymat.com (18 de Julio 2007).

[58] R.L. Martin, Patente EE. UU. 5,564,064, 1996.

[59] R.L. Martin y R. L. Lederich, Metal Powder Report (1992) 30-44.

[60] F.H. Cocks, J. Spacecraft Rockets 2 (1984) 21-510.

[61] F.H. Cocks, Proc. Conf. Light Metals Vol. 2, New Orleans, EE. UU., 1986, pp. 1.019-1.036.

[62] http://www.ergaerospace.com (10 de Junio 2007).

[63] D. Schwingel, H.W. Seeliger, C. Vecchionacci, D. Alwes y J. Dittrich, Acta Astronaut. 61 (2007) 326-330. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.01.022

[64] J. Banhart, C. Schmoll y U. Neumann, Proc. Conf. Materials in Oceanic Environment (Euromat ’98), Faria L. (Ed.), Lisboa, Portugal, vol. 1, 1998, pp. 55-63.

[65] A.F. Giamei, Symposium on Metal Foams,Fraunhofer EE. UU., Stanton, EE. UU., J. Banhart, H. Eifert (Eds.) MIT Press–Verlag, Bremen, Alemania, 1997, pp. 63-78.

[66] T. J. Lu y C. Chen, Acta Mater. 47 (1999) 1.469-1.485.

[67] SHINKO WIRE Co., Product information ‘‘Alporas’’, Japon, 1998, pp. 5-6.

[68] http://www.aigis.co.uk (30 de Julio 2007).

[69] ERG Inc. Oakland, EE. UU. Product information of ‘‘Duocel’’, 1996 pp. 3-16.

[70] A.L. Geiger, Proc. Ser. Society for Photo-Optical Engineering, SPIE, Orlando, EE. UU., 1990, pp. 546-553.

[71] H. Swars, Patente Alemania 3,619,360, 1987.

[72] M. Eisenmann, ASM Handbook, vol. 7. Materials Park, EE. UU.: ASM International, 1998, pp. 1.031-1.035.

[73] http://www.seac.nl 1998 (1 de Agosto 2007).

[74] K. Iida, K. Mizuno y K. Kondo, Patente EE. UU. 4, 726, 444, 1988.

[75] G. Rausch, Foaminal, Properties overview and design guideline, Fraunhofer-Institut fur Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung, Bremen, Alemania, Department of Casting and Foaming Technologies, pp. 7-15.

Downloads

Published

2008-10-30

How to Cite

Gutiérrez-Vázquez, J. A., & Oñoro, J. (2008). Aluminium foams. Manufacture, properties and applications. Revista De Metalurgia, 44(5), 457–476. https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.0751

Issue

Section

Reviews

Most read articles by the same author(s)