Corrosión por <i>nido de hormigas</i> de tubos de cobre utilizados en sistemas de aire acondicionado

D. M. Bastidas; I. Cayuela; J. M. Bastidas

doi:10.3989/revmetalm.2006.v42.i5.34

Authors

D. M. Bastidas CENIM-National Centre for Metallurgical Research, CSIC
I. Cayuela CENIM-National Centre for Metallurgical Research, CSIC
J. M. Bastidas CENIM-National Centre for Metallurgical Research, CSIC

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2006.v42.i5.34

Keywords:

Ant-nest corrosion, Copper tubes, Air-conditioning units, Organic acid vapours

Abstract

Ant-nest corrosion is a specific type of premature failure (2-3 months) of copper tubes used in air-conditioning units causing the loss of refrigerant liquid and the consequent environment pollution. It is known that attack requires the simultaneous presence of moisture, oxygen and a corrodent, usually an organic acid, such as formic, acetic, propionic or butyric acid or other volatile organic substances like methanol, ethanol, formaldehyde or acetoaldehyde. Approximately 10% of all premature failures of copper tubes used in the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) industry are the result of ant-nest corrosion. This type of corrosion usually occurs in thin-wall copper pipes, especially when copper is de-sulphurised, and is known by several names: formicary corrosion, unusual corrosion, branched pits, pinhole corrosion, etc.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] T. Notoya, Corros. Eng. 39 (1990) 353-362.

[2] T. Notoya, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 10 (1991) 389-391. doi:10.1007/BF00728041

[3] T. Notoya, Mater. Perform. 32 (5) (1993) 53-57.

[4] T. Notoya, Zairyo-to-Kankio (Corros. Eng.) 46 (1997) 731-735.

[5] T. Notoya in: Corrosion and Prevention 1997, Australian Corrosion Association, Brisbane, Australia, (1997), paper 02.

[6] T. Notoya, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 16 (1997) 1406-1409. doi:10.1023/A:1018561327446

[7] G.J. Kelly, P. Lepelaar and T. Notoya, Process Corrosion and Prevention 2000, Australian Corrosion Association, Australia, (2000).

[8] S. Sato, J. Japan Copper Brass Research Association, No. 2 (2001).

[9] J.O. Edwards, R.I. Hamilton and J.B. Gilmour, Mater. Perform. 16 (1977) 18-20.

[10] E. Cano, J. Simancas, J.L. Polo, C.L. Torres, J.M. Bastidas and J. Alcolea, Mater. Corros. 50 (1999) 103-110. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4176(199902)50:2<103::AID-MACO103>3.0.CO;2-B

[11] E. Cano, J.L. Polo, J.A. López-Caballero and J.M. Bastidas, Corros. Prev. Control 52 (2005) 56-58.

[12] P. Elliott and R.A. Corbett, Corrosion 99, NACE International, Houston, (1999), paper 342.

[13] T. Notoya, T. Hamamoto and K. Kawano, Sumitomo Light Metal Technical Reports 30 (1989) 9- 14.

[14] R.A. Corbett, Corrosion 2004, NACE International, Houston, (2004), paper 321.

[15] M. Ohanian, R. Caraballo, E.A. Dalchiele, G. Guineo- Cobs, V. Martínez-Luaces and E. Quagliata, Rev. Metal. Madrid 41 (2005) 175-185.

[16] I. Cañadas, D. Martínez, J. Rodríguez and J.M. Gallardo, Rev. Metal. Madrid Vol. Extr. (2005) 165-169.

[17] A. López-Delgado, E. Cano, J.M. Bastidas and F.A. López, J. Electrochem. Soc. 145 (1998) 4140-4147. doi:10.1149/1.1838928

[18] J.M. Bastidas, A. López-Delgado, E. Cano, J.L. Polo and F.A. López, J. Electrochem. Soc., 147 (2000) 999-1005. doi:10.1149/1.1393303

[19] A. Echavarría, A. Rueda, E. Cano, F. Echeverría, C. Arroyave and J.M. Bastidas, in: Proc. 15th Int. Corrosion Congress, Granada, Spain, (2002).

[20] E. Cano, E.M. Mora, H. Azcaray and J.M. Bastidas, J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 (2004) B207-B213. doi:10.1149/1.1649234

[21] E. Cano, D.M. Bastidas, A. Echavarría, J. Simancas and E.M. Mora, 16th Int. Corrosion Congress, Beijing, China, (2005), paper 19-1.

[22] E. Cano, J.M. Bastidas, J.L. Polo and N. Mora, J. Electrochem. Soc. 148 (2001) B431-B437. doi:10.1149/1.1404968

[23] E. Cano, M.F. López, J. Simancas and J.M. Bastidas, J. Electrochem. Soc. 148 (2001) E26-E30. doi:10.1149/1.1344547

[24] E. Cano, C.L. Torres and J.M. Bastidas, Mater. Corros. 52 (2001) 667-676. doi:10.1002/1521-4176(200109)52:9<667::AID-MACO667>3.0.CO;2-H

[25] A. López-Delgado, E. Cano, J.M. Bastidas and F.A. López, J. Mater. Sci. 36 (2001) 5203-5211. doi:10.1023/A:1012497912875

[26] J.C. Galván, J.M. Bastidas and S. Feliu, Weld. J .75 (1996) 366s-371s.

[27] E. Cano and J.M. Bastidas, Can. Metall. Q., 41 (2002) 327-336.

[28] J.M. Bastidas and E.M. Mora, Can. Metall. Q. 37 (1998) 57-65. doi:10.1016/S0008-4433(97)00033-5

[29] A. López-Delgado, J.M. Bastidas, M.P. Alonso and F.A. López, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 16 (1997) 776- 779. doi:10.1023/A:1018557803938

[30] E. Cano and J.M. Bastidas, Afinidad 62 (2005) 492-497.

[31] T.E. Graedel, C. Mccrory-Joy and J.P. Franey, J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 (1986) 452-453. doi:10.1149/1.2108599

[32] A.J. Muller and C. Mccrory-JOY, Corros. Sci. 27 (1987) 695-701. doi:10.1016/0010-938X(87)90051-5

[33] T.E. Graedel, Atmospheric Chemical Compounds. Sources, Occurrence and Bioassay. Academic Press, Orlando, Fl. (1986).

[34] T.E. Graedel, J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 (1986) 2476- 2482. doi:10.1149/1.2108453

[35] T.E. Graedel, J. Electrochem. Soc., 141 (1994) 922- 927. doi:10.1149/1.2054858

[36] T.E. Graedel and C. Leygraf, J. Electrochem. Soc. 147 (2000) 1010-1014. doi:10.1149/1.1393305

[37] C. Leygraf and T.E. Graedel, Atmospheric Corrosion, Wiley InterScience, Pennington, NY, (2000), p. 17.

[38] T.E. Graedel, K. Nassau and J.P. Franey, Corros, Sci. 27 (1987) 639-657. doi:10.1016/0010-938X(87)90047-3

[39] T.E. Graedel, Corros. Sci. 27 (1987) 741-769. doi:10.1016/0010-938X(87)90054-0

[40] K. Nassau, P.K. Gallagher, A.E. Miller and T.E. Graedel, Corros. Sci. 27 (1987) 669-684. doi:10.1016/0010-938X(87)90049-7

[41] D. Peerson and C. Leygraf, J, Electrochem. Soc. 142 (1995) 1468-1477. doi:10.1149/1.2048598

[42] A. Khwaja, Atmos. Environ. 29 (1995) 127-139. doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)00211-3

[43] C.G. Nolte, M.P. Fraser and G.R. Cass, Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 (1999) 540-545. doi:10.1021/es980626d

[44] A. Chebbi and P. Carlier, Atmos. Environ. 30 (1996) 4233-4249. doi:10.1016/1352-2310(96)00102-1

[45] M.P. Alonso, Efecto de la Contaminación Atmosférica en las Esculturas de Bronce, PhD Thesis, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, (1994).

[46] H. Fang and X. Jia, Wat. Res., 33 (1999) 1791-1798. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00409-6

[47] L. Black and G. Allen, Brit. Corros. J. 34 (1999) 192-197. doi:10.1179/000705999101500833

[48] I. Bridier, F. Caralp, H. Loriat, R. Lesclaux, B. Vegret, K.H. Becker, A. Reimer and F. Zabal, J. Phys. Chem. 95 (1991) 3594-3600. doi:10.1021/j100162a031

[49] K. Kawamura and I.R. Kaplan, Atmos. Environ. 19 (1985) 1082-1086.

[50] J. Servant, G. Konadio, B. Cros and R. Delmas, J. Atmos. Chem. 12 (1991) 367-380. doi:10.1007/BF00114774

[51] E. Zervas, X. Montagne and J. Lahaye, J. Air Waste Manage. 49 (1999) 1304-1314.

[52] M.O. Andreae, R.W. Talbot and S.-M. Li, J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 6635-6641. doi:10.1029/JD092iD06p06635

[53] R. Atkinson, Atmos. Environ. 24A (1990) 1-41.

[54] N. Kumar, U.C. Kulshreshta, A. Saxena, K.M. Kumari and S.S. Srivastava, Atmos. Environ. B-Urb. 27 (1993) 87-91.

[55] H. Puxbaum, C. Rosenberg, M. Gregori, C. Lanzerstorfer, E. Ober and W. Winiwarter, Atmos. Environ. 22 (1988) 2841-2850. doi:10.1016/0004-6981(88)90450-7

[56] T.E. Graedel, Corros. Sci. 27 (1987) 721-740. doi:10.1016/0010-938X(87)90053-9

[57] A. Echavarría, F. Echeverría, C. Arroyave, E. Cano and J.M. Bastidas, Corros. Rev. 21 (2004) 395- 402.

[58] S. Koch, R. Winterhalter, E. Uherek, A. Kolloff, P. Neeb and G.K. Moortgat, Atmos. Environ. 34 (2000) 4031-4042. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00133-3

[59] W. Carter, Atmos. Environ. 24A (1990) 481-518.

[60] P. Dagaut, T.J. Wallington, R. Liu and M.J. Kurylo, Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 20 (1988) 331-338. doi:10.1002/kin.550200406

[61] D.M. Bastidas, P.P. Gómez and E. Cano, Rev. Metal. Madrid 41 (2005) 98-106.

[62] M.I. Martín, F.A. López and F.J. Alguacil, Rev. Metal. Madrid 41 (2005) 292-298.

[63] E. Cano, Efecto de los Vapores de los Ácidos Acético y Fórmico en la Degradación y Patinado del Cobre, PhD Thesis, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, (2000).

[64] A. Echavarría, Estudio del Mecanismo de Interacción Entre el Cobre Puro y los Vapores de Ácido Propiónico, PhD Thesis, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia, (2004).

[65] D. Knotková-Cermákova and J. Vleková, Brit, Corros. J. 6 (1971) 17-22.

[66] M. López, C. Camurri, D. Corredor and J.A. Jimenez, Rev. Metal. Madrid 41 (2005) 313-318.

[67] O. Comineli, H. Luo, H.M. Liimatainen and L.P. Karjalainen, Rev. Metal. Madrid, Vol. Extr. (2005) 407-411.

[68] E. Donoso, A. Varschavsky and G. Díaz, Rev. Metal. Madrid Vol. Extr. (2005) 502-506.

[69] J. Tétreault and E. Stamatopoulou, Stud. Conserv. 42 (1997) 141-156. doi:10.2307/1506710

[70] S.G. Clarke and E.E. Longhurst, J. Appl. Chem. 11 (1961) 435-443.

[71] W.H.J. Vernon, J. Chem. Soc. (1934) 1853-1859. doi:10.1039/jr9340001853

[72] Y. Fukuda, T. Fukushima, A. Sulaiman, I. Musalam, L.C. Yap, L. Chatimongkol, S. Judabong, A. Potjanart, O. Keowkangwal, K. Yoshihara and M. Tosa, J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 (1991) 1238-1243. doi:10.1149/1.2085766

[73] B. Rosales, R. Vera and G. Moriena, Corros. Sci. 41 (1999) 625-651. doi:10.1016/S0010-938X(98)00108-5

[74] H. Vilca and I.V. Aoki, Proc. Corrosion in Electronic Equipment, Campinas, Brazil, (2000).

[75] A. Echavarría, A. Rueda, E. Cano, F. Echeverría, C. Arroyave and J.M. Bastidas, J. Electrochem. Soc. 150 (2003) B140-B145. doi:10.1149/1.1559132

[76] W.H.J. Vernon, Trans. Faraday Soc. 27 (1931) 255. doi:10.1039/tf9312700255

[77] S.K. Chawla, B.I. Rickett, N. Sankabraman and J.H. Payer, Corros. Sci. 33 (1992) 1617. doi:10.1016/0010-938X(92)90038-5

[78] T. Notoya, Corros. Eng. 45 (1997) 319-321.

[79] T. Notoya, T. Hamamoto and K. Kawano, Mater, Inform. Trans. Service 6 (1989) 1-13.

[80] G. Isobe, T. Inoue, K. Nagata, T. Notoya, H. Baba, F. Hidaka, M. Watanabe, T. Atsumi, K. Minamoto, M. Kodaira and F. Takagi, Corrosion Asia Proc. (1992), pp. 106-109.

[81] S. Yamauchi, K. Nagata, S. Sato and M. Shimono, J. Japan Copper and Brass Research Association 22 (1983) 132-140.

[82] T. Notoya, T. Ishikawa, T. Hamamoto, K. Kawano, First Joint Conference on Corrosion, Finishing and Materials, A. Atrens, M.S. Pennisi, D.P. Schweinsberg, (Eds.), Queensland, (1989), pp. 565-573.

[83] T. Hamamoto and M. Imai, Sumitomo Light Metal Technical Reports, 32 (1991) 243-249.

[84] T. Notoya, J. Univ. Sci. Tech. Beijin 6 (1999) 129- 132.

[85] K. Nagata and K. Kawano, Sumitomo Light Metals Technical Reports 35 (1994) 28-35.

[86] H. Baba and T. Kodama, Corros. Eng. 44 (1995) 279-287.

[87] R.S. Lenox and P.A. Hough, Ashrae. J. (1995) 50- 56.

[88] G. Tetley, M. Heidenreich and K. Smith, Air Conditioning, Heating Refrigeration News 30 (1988) 1-3.

[89] R.A. Corbett, P. Elliott, Corrosion 2000, NACE International, Houston, (2000), paper 646.

[90] H. Matsuoka, Y. Masunaga, S. Mitsumoto and H. Seki, Corros. Eng. 36 (1987) 696-711.

[91] J. Tidblad and T.E. Graedel, Corros. Sci. 38 (1996) 2201-2224. doi:10.1016/S0010-938X(96)00082-0