High temperature behaviour of refractory austenitic stainless steels: σ-phase formation and oxidation in air
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1998.v34.iExtra.710Keywords:
Refractory austenitic stainless steels, Oxidation in air, High temperatures, σ-phaseAbstract
Three stainless steels: 25Cr20Ni, 21Cr11Ni(1) and 21Cr11Ni(2) have been oxidised in air at 1,323 K for 2 h. The three materials form oxide layers 1 to 3 μm thick with MnCr2O4 external crystals and Cr2O3 inner ones. There are a SiO2 barrier below Cr2O3, in the oxide-metal interface. SiO2 also forms intra and intergranular precipitates in the metal, which are specially abundant in 21Cr11Ni materials. The theoretical predictions about σ-phase formation tendencies are confirmed after a treatment at 1,073 K for 400 h: 25Cr20Ni forms 10 % vol. σ-phase, while both 21Cr11Ni form few σ-phase or they do not form it at all.
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