Review and state-of-the-art of the corrosivity produced by ethanol and their mixtures with gasoline
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalmadrid.1016Keywords:
Ethanol, Electrochemical corrosion, Stress corrosion cracking, InhibitoAbstract
Ethanol is currently an important source of renewable combustible for the automotive sector. It is known that traditional fuels such as gasoline have not caused corrosion problems due mainly to low miscibility with water. On the other hand, the alcohol based biofuels can contain a considerable amount of water, and in addition, partial oxidation of their components might be produced by exposition to the atmosphere, and this may lead to corrosion and subsequent failure of any metallic component in contact with the ethanol-gasoline blends. In consequence, all the industrial sectors related to this fuel, producing companies, logistics, dispensers and manufacturers of vehicles might be affected by this problem. This makes this topic very interesting, both from a scientific and an industrial point of view. This paper systematically reviews all aspects related to the corrosive behaviour of ethanol and ethanol-gasoline blends, with the aim of assessing the current state-of the-art as well as serving as a guide for further works that take the study of this subject matter.
Downloads
References
[1] L. Cummins, Internal Fire, Society of Automotive Engineers (Eds.), 1989, p.p. 81.
[2] M. Lapuerta, O. Armas, J. Rodríguez-Fernández, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 34 (2008) 198-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.07.001
[3] C. D. Rakopoulus, K. A. Antonopoulos, D. C. Rako - poulos, D. T. Hountalas y E. G. Giakoumis, Energ. Convers. Manage, 47 (2006) 3.272-3.287.
[4] G. Labeckas y S. Slavinskas, Energ. Convers. Manage, 47 (2006) 3.272-3.287.
[5] European Parliament, Directive 2003/30/EG: “On the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport”, 2003.
[6] A. Demirbas, Energ. Sources A 27 (2005) 327-337. [7] R. K. Niven, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev 9 (2005) 535-555.
[8] N. L. Singh, P. Srivastava y P.K. Mishra, J. Sci. In. Res. 68 (2009) 617-623.
[9] V. Codling, Proc. Internat. Symp. on Alcohol Fuel Technology, Inst de Pesquisas Tecnologicas do Estado de Sao Paulo (Eds.), Guaruja, Brasil, 1980, pp. 285-288.
[10] ASTM D 4806-03: “Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, 2003.
[11] Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP): “Brazilian anhydrous & Hydrated ethanol specifications,” 2002.
[12] prEN 15376: “Draft standard for non-denatured automotive ethanol as a blending component in gasoline at up to and including 5 %” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2007.
[13] Renewable Fuels Association: “Fuel Ethanol, Industry Guidelines, Specifications and Procedures”, EE.UU., 2005.
[14] F. Mansfield, J. Chem. Soc. 120 (1973) 188-192. [15] C. A. Farina, G. Faita y F. Olivani, Corros. Sci. 18 (1978) 465-479.
[16] S. Sternberg y V. Branzôi, Electrochem. Acta 29 (1984) 15-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(84)80031-6
[17] Y. Roques, G. Mankowski, G. Chatainer y F. Dabosi, Corrosion 40 (1984) 561-567. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3593896
[18] D. D. N. Singh y M. K. Banerjee, Corrosion 42 (1986) 156-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3584896
[19] P. L. De Anna, Corros. Sci. 25 (1985) 43-53. [20] J. Banas, Electrochem. Acta 32 (1987) 871-875. [21] V. B. Singh y V. K. Singh, Mater. Trans. 32 (1991) 251-256.
[22] E. Heitz, Corrosion of Metals in Organic Solvents, Plenum Publishers Eds., 1974, pp. 149-243.
[23] F. Gui y N. Sridhar, Corrosion 66 (2010) 045-050. [24] K. Nakajima y Y. Yahagi, J. Lubr. Technol. 105 (1983) 552-558.
[25] V. P. Persiantseva, I. L. Rozenfeld, V. E. Zorina, E. K. Enikeev y M. I. Churaeva, Prot. Met. 15 (1979) 245-248.
[26] V. V. Ekelik, V. P. Grigoriev y G. N. Ekilik, Zashch. Met. 9 (1973) 50-51.
[27] X. Nie, X. Li y D. Northwood, Mater. Sci. Forum 546-549 (2007) 1.093-1.100.
[28] D. Korotney, Water Phase Separation in Oxygenated Gasoline, Fuel Studies and Standards Branch, EEUU, 1995.
[29] JAMA Position Statement FQ-01 “Quality of Bio- ethanol and use of ethanol-blended Gasoline”, 2009, pp. 1-3.
[30] M. Kabasakaloglu, I. Kalyoncu y T. Kiyak, Appl. Surf. Sci. 135 (1998) 188-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00288-8
[31] N. Sridhar, K. Price, J. Buckingham y J. Dante, Corrosion 62 (2006), 687-702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3278295
[32] S. M. Traldi, I. Costa y J. L. Rossi, Rev. Metal. Madrid, Vol. Extr., (2003) 86-90.
[33] H. Jahnke y M. Schoenborn, Mater. Corr. 36 (1985) 561-566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19850361204
[34] R. S. Goncalves, N. M Coradini y W. X. Olivera, Corr. Sci. 33 (1992) 1.667-1.675.
[35] D. K. Tanaka y S. Wolynec, Proc. 5th. International Fuel Technology [s.n.], Auckland, Nueva Zelanda, 1982, pp. 461-466.
[36] E. Cavalcanti, V. G. Wanderley, T. R. V. Miranda y L. Uller, Electrochim. Acta, 32 (1987) 935-937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(87)87086-X
[37] V. B. Singh y V.K. Singh, Mater. Trans. 32 (1991) 756-762.
[38] I. Sekine, M. Yuasa y K. Kohara, Corr. Sci. 31 (1990) 579-584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(90)90165-2
[39] R. R. Wiggle, V. Hospadaruk, E. A. Styloglou, G. K. Chui y W. D.Tallent, Proc. Internat. Symp. on Alcohol Fuels Technology, Inst de Pesquisas Tecnologicas do Estado de Sao Paulo (Eds.), Sao Paulo, Brasil, 1980, pp. 441-449.
[40] S. Wolynec y D. K. Tanaka, Proc 9º Seminário Nacional de Corrosão - SENACOR, RJ. Anais. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, ABRACO (Eds.), 1982. pp. 166-176.
[41] S. Wolynec y D. K. Tanaka, Proc 3º Simpósio Nacional de Corrosão na Produção e Utilização do Álcool, ABRACO (Eds.), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1983, pp. 1-38.
[42] D. K. Tanaka, Z. P. Kajimoto y S Wolynec, Proc 3º Simpósio Nacional de Corrosão na Produção e Utilização do Álcool, ABRACO (Eds.), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1983, pp. 94-103.
[43] Z. P. Kajimoto y S. Wolynec, Proc 3º Simpósio Nacional de Corrosão na Produção e Utilização do Álcool, ABRACO (Eds.), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1983, pp. 237-249.
[44] S. Wolynec y D. K. Tanaka, Proc. Encontro Brasileiro de Tratamento de Superfície - EBRATS’83, ABTS (Eds.), São Paulo, Brasil, 1983, pp. 263-283.
[45] Z. P. Kajimoto, S. Wolynec y D. K. Tanaka, Proc. 6 th. Proc. Internat. Symp. on Alcohol Fuel Techno logy [s.n.], Ottawa, Canadá, 1984, pp. 1.225-1.231.
[46] S. Wolynec y D. K. Tanaka, Proc. 9th. Inter Congress on Metallic Corrosion, National Research Council (Eds.), Toronto, Canadá, 1984, pp. 468-474.
[47] Orbital Engine Company, Report to the Department of the Environment and Heritage to Environment, Australia, December 2002.
[48] Orbital Engine Company: A Literature Review Based Assessment on the Impacts of a 10% and 20% Ethanol Gasoline Fuel Blend on Non-Automotive Engines, Australia, 2002.
[49] Orbital Engine Company, Market Barriers to the Uptake of Biofuels Study: A Testing based assessment to determine impacts of a 20 % ethanol gasoline fuel blend on the Australian passenger vehicle fleet-Ethanol- 2000 hrs Material Compatibility Testing, Australia, 2002.
[50] Orbital Engine Company, Market Barriers to the Uptake of Biofuels Study: A Testing Based Assessment to Determine Impacts of a 10 % and 20% Ethanol Gasoline Fuel Blend on Non-Auto - mo tive Engines- 2000 hrs Material Compa tibility Testing, Australia, 2003.
[51] B. Jones, G. Mead, P. Steevens y M. Timanus, The Effects of E20 on Metals Used in Automotive Fuel System Components, Minnesota Center for Automotive Research at Minnesota State Univer - sity, Mankato, Minnesota, EEUU, 2008.
[52] Metals Handbook, Vol. 13, Corrosion, ASM International, 1986, pp. 1.180-1.182.
[53] L. Lunde y R. Nyborg, Proc. Corrosion/1989, NACE International Eds., 1989, pp. 1-20.
[54] S. B. Farina, G. S. Duffo y J. R. Galvele, Corrosion 59 (2002) 436-442. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3277575
[55] D. J. Simbi y J. C. Scully, Corr. Sci. 34 (1993) 1.743-1.750.
[56] D. J. Simbi y J. C. Scully, Corrosion 53 (1997), 298-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3280471
[57] Metals Handbook, Vol. 13, Corrosion, Chapter on Corrosion Titanium an Titanium Alloys, ASM International, 1987 Ed., pp. 687-688.
[58] E. Sergent y Y. Roques, Corros. Sci. 36 (1994) 653-667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(94)90071-X
[59] Y. Roques, G. Mankowski, G. Chatainier y F. Dabosi, Electrochem. Acta 32 (1987) 971-976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(87)87092-5
[60] R. D. Kane y J. G. Maldonado, Technical Report 939-D, American Petroleum Institute (API), 1ª Edición, Washington, EE.UU, 2003.
[61] R. D. Kane y J. G. Maldonado, Technical Report 939-D, American Petroleum Institute (API), 2ª Edición, Washing ton, EE.UU, 2007.
[62] X. Lou, D. Yang y P. M. Singh, Corrosion 65 (2009) 785-797. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3319105
[63] X. Lou, D. Yang y P. M. Singh, J. Electrochem. Soc.,157 (2010) C86-C94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3269927
[64] J. Beavers, N. Sridhar, C. Zamarin, Corrosion 2009, Annual Conference and Exhibition, Ed. NACE Int, paper n. 09532, Atlanta, EE.UU, pp. 1-16.
[65] E. Torsner, Corros. Eng. Sci. Tech. 45 (2010) 42-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/147842209X12579401586726
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.