Review of the continuous casting of steel by strip casting technology. Twin roll method system

Authors

  • I. Ibarrondo Dto.Física Aplicada I,EUP-(U.P.V)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.0749

Keywords:

Steelmaking, Continuous casting, Micromills, Strip casting technology, Carbon stainless and electrical steels

Abstract


In order to compete in the future steel market and to maintain market share, the steelmakers will need to use new efficient technologies capable of supplying steel strip products of high quality at low cost. In this way, the strip casting technology by twin roll method is one of the most important research area in the iron and steel industry today.This review makes a general description of the strip casting technology as well as its different steps, such us; metal delivery and casting, solidification process, hot rolling reduction step, etc...Through mathematical and physical models, the influence on microstructure, texture, surface quality and mechanical properties of the materials obtained by this method are described as a function of processing parameters, specially the roughness of the rolls.The manufacturing of carbon, stainless and electrical steels involves smaller capital and operating cost, lower gas emissions, and an opportunity to create new grades due to a faster solidification rate that leads to a different solidification structures.In sight of all this it is likely that Strip Casting technology will make a profound impact on the manufacturing landscape of the 21st century.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI), Steel: The Fundation of a Sustainable Future. Sustainability Report of the World Steel Industry 2005, Bruselas, Bélgica, pp. 1-51.

[2] International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI), World Steel in Figures 2007, pp. 1-15.

[3] European Steel Technology Platform, Vision 2030, Report of the Group of Personalities, European Commission, Directorate-General for Research, 2004, Bruselas, Bélgica, pp. 1-35.

[4] L.E.K. Holappa y S. Wang, Proc. Sohn Int. Symp. Advanced processing of metals and materials, Vol. 2, San Diego CA, EE.UU., F. Kongoli and R.G. Reddy (Eds.), TMS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 2006, pp. 455-469.

[5] ThyssenKrupp Sthal AG. Research and Development, Thinking the Future of the Steel, 2002, Duisburg, Alemania, pp. 1-35.

[6] M. Wolf, Rev. Metall. (París) 98 (2001) 63-73.

[7] Iron & Steel Society, Continuous Casting Series, CD Volumes 1-7, 1997, I&SS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU.

[8] The AISE Steel Foundation, The Making Shaping and Treating of Steel, 11th Ed., Casting Volume, A.W. Cramb (Eds.), AISE, Pittsburgh, PA, EE.UU., 2003, pp. 1.1-22.47.

[9] J.P. Birat, R. Steffen y S. Wilmotte, European Commission Technical Steel Research, EUR 16671 EN, 1995, pp.1-63.

[10] The AISE Steel Foundation, The Making Shaping and Treating of Steel, 11th Ed., Casting Volume, A.W. Cramb (Eds.), AISE, Pittsburgh, PA, EE.UU., 2003, pp. 23.1-10.

[11] M.L. Amarante, L.M. Silva y G. Tavares, BNDES Setorial, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 12 (2000) 51-76.

[12] G. Flemming y K.E. Hensger, AISE Steel Technol. Jan. (2000) 53–57.

[13] J. Aylen, Steel Times, 229 (2001) 225–234.

[14] F. Aristegui, J.I. Lángara, I. Lasa, A. Fernández, J. Miñambres y A. Calderón, Rev. Metall.(París) 100 (2003) 637-643.

[15] P. Tolve, R. Tonelli y F. Macci, Proc. 25th Regular Meeting Committee Technology IISI, Viena, Austria, 1993, pp. 25-36.

[16] A. W. Cramb, Proc. Int. Symp. Near-Net-Shape Casting in the Minimill, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1995, J.K. Brimacombe, I.V. Samarasekera (Eds.), University British Columbia, Canadá, pp. 355-372.

[17] C. Hendricks, Stahl Eisen 115 (1995) 75-82.

[18] R.I.L. Guthrie y M. Isaac, Recent Res. Devel. in Metallurgy & Materials Sci. 2 (1998) 25-36.

[19] K. Shibuya y M. Ozawa, ISIJ Int. 31 (1991) 661-668.

[20] The AISE Steel Foundation, The Making Shaping and Treating of Steel, 11th Ed., Casting Volume, A.W. Cramb (Eds.), AISE, Pittsburgh, PA, EE.UU., 2003, pp. 23.10-18.

[21] J.P. Birat, R. Steffen y S. Wilmotte, European Commission Technical Steel Research, EUR 16671 EN, 1995, pp. 77-152.

[22] G. Thompson, European Commission Report, EUR 13940 EN, 1997, pp. 1-79.

[23] H.U. Lindenberg, J. Henrion, K. Schwaha y G. Vespasiani, Stahl Eisen 121 (2001) 97-104.

[24] P.C. Campbell y R.L. Wechsler, Proc. Gerald Heffernan Int. Symp. on Innovative technologies for Steel and other Materials, Toronto, Canada, 2001, J. Guerard y E. Essadiqi (Eds.), TMS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., pp. 201-214.

[25] R. Wechsler, Rev. Metall. (París) 99 (2002) 941-948.

[26] R. Wechsler, Scand. J. Metall. 32 (2003) 58-63.

[27] J. Herbertson, Proc. Dr. Manfred Wolf Symp. Conf. Report, Zurich, Suiza, 2002, Main(Eds.), Forch, Suiza, 2002, pp. 60–69.

[28] P. Campbell, R. Mahapatra, W. Blejde, R. Wechsler y G. Gillen, Rev. Metall. (París) 103 (2006) 25-31.

[29] The Castrip Process: Castrip LLC, Charlotte, NC, EE.UU. http://www.castrip.com.

[30] H. Legrand, U. Albert-Fru.h y A. Flick, Millenium Steel - Continuous Casting 5 (2004) 140-145.

[31] Eurostrip International GmbH: Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH, Krefeld, Alemania y Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH, Linz, Austria. http://www.nirosta.de y http://www.vatech.at

[32] G. Guasto y M. Tonelli, Commissione Europea. Ricerca Técnica Acciaio, EUR 19362 IT, 2000, pp. 1-37.

[33] P.W. Bao, P.J. Li, H.S. Di, X.G. Liu y G.D. Wang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 21 (2005) 526-530.

[34] G.G. Wen, M.G. Zhu, J.F He y P.H. Ding, 1st ISS Tech. Conf. Proc. Indianapolis, IN, EE.UU., 2003, M.A. Baker (Eds.), I&SS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 2003, pp. 475-483.

[35] B. Wang, J.Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y.D. He, J.F. Fan, Y. Fang y S.G. An, J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing 13 (2006) 393-400.

[36] B. Wang, J.Y. Zhang, J.F. Fan, S.L. Zhao, Y. Fang y S.L. An, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 13 (2006) 14-17.

[37] W. Blejde, R. Mahapatra y H. Fukase, The Belton Memorial Symp. Proc., Wollongong, Australia, 2000, J. Herbertson (Pub.)I&SS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 2000, pp. 253-261.

[38] R.P. Tavares y R.I.L. Guthrie, Can. Met. Qtrly. 37 (1998) 241-250.

[39] R.P. Tavares y R.I.L. Guthrie, Proc. Computer Appl. in Metall. and Mater. Proces., Montreal, Canadá, 1998, S.A. Argyropoulos y M. Hasan (Eds), Met. Soc - CIM, Montreal, Canada, 1998, pp. 204-218.

[40] R.I.L. Guthrie y R.P. Tavares, Appl. Math. Model. 22 (1998) 851-872.

[41] F. Macci y M. De Santis, Report European Commission, EUR 17995 IT, 1998, pp. 1-47.

[42] G. Hohenbichler, P. Tolve, R. Capotosti, J.M. Damasse y U. Albrecht-Fru.h, Steel World 7 (2002) 40-44.

[43] B.G. Thomas, The Enciclopedia of Materials : Science and Technology, vol. 2, K.H.J. Buschow, R. Cahan, M. Flemings, B. Ilschner, E.J. Kramer y S. Mahajan (Eds.), Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, Inglaterra, 2001, pp. 1.595-1.599.

[44] R. Wechsler y P. Campbell, Proc. Dr. Manfred Wolf Symp. Conf. Report, Zurich, Suiza, 2002, Main (Eds.), Forch, Suiza, 2002, pp. 70-79.

[45] P. Campbell, W. Blejde, R. Mahapatra, R.Wechsler y G. Gillen, Iron & Steel Technol. 2 (2005) 56-62.

[46] Y. Park y H. Cho, Control Eng. Pract. 13 (2005) 821-834.

[47] K. Mukunthan, L. Strezov, R. Mahapatra, y W. Blejde, The Brimacombe Memorial Symp. Proc., Vancouver BC, Canada, 2000, G.A. Irons, A.W. Cramb (Eds.), Met. Soc. - CIM, Montreal, Canada, 2000, pp. 421-437.

[48] X.M. Zhang, Z.Y. Jiang, X.H. Liu, G.D. Wang, L.M. Yang y A.K. Tieu, Mater. Sci. Forum 505- 507 (2006) 1.315-1.320.

[49] R. Koop, U. Albrecht-Fru.h, L. Hentschel, U. Rudolphi, J. W. Schmitz, D. Senk y F. Simon, Proc. THERMEC´97, Wollongong, Australia, 1997, T. Chandra, T. Sakai (Eds.), TMS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 1997, pp. 2.201-2.207.

[50] Y.G. Lee, C.M. Park, H.T. Chung, W.S. Kim, H.K. Moon y T. Kang, Proc. METEC Congress, Int. Conf. New Develop. in Metall. Proc. Technol., 1999, Stahlinstitut VDEh, Düsseldorf, Alemania, 1999, Deutcher Eisenhüttenleute (Eds.), Düsseldorf, Alemania, 1999, pp. 168-175.

[51] H.K. Moon, D.K. Choo, W.S. Kim and T. Kang and K.S. Kim, Proc. METEC Congress, 3rd European Rolling Conference, Düsseldorf, Alemania, 2003, Stahleisen (Eds.), Stahlins titut VDEh, Düsseldorf, Alemania, 2003, pp. 13-18.

[52] G.L. Thompson, S.R. Higson y P.J. Longdon, European Commission Report EUR 18608 EN, 1998, pp. 1-48.

[53] S. Drüker, A.R. Bu.chner, M. Spiegel, K.H. Tacke, V. Lanteri, G. Lenprice, W. Schmitz, D. Senk y G.L. Thompson, European Commission Report EUR 20192 EN, 2002, pp. 1-131.

[54] T. Saitoh, H. Hojo, H. Yaguchi y C.G. Kang, Metall. Trans. B 20 (1989) 381-390. doi:10.1007/BF02696990

[55] K. Miyazawa y J. Szekely, Metall. Trans. A, 12 (1981) 1.047-1.057.

[56] H. Takuda, N. Hatta, M. Teramura y J. Kokado, Steel Res. 61 (1990) 312-317.

[57] C.G. Kang y Y.D. Kim, J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 84 (1998) 210-224. doi:10.1016/S0924-0136(98)00223-4

[58] R.P. Tavares y R.I.L. Guthrie, Proc. Computer Appl. in Metall. and Mater. Proces., Montreal, Canadá, 1998, S.A. Argyropoulos y M. Hasan (Eds), Met. Soc - CIM, Montreal, Canada, 1998, pp. 114-125.

[59] M. Shiomi, K. Mori y K. Osakada, Dynamic Plasticity and Structural Behaviors, Gordon and Breach (Eds.), Nueva York, EE.UU., 1995, pp. 1.035-1.038.

[60] Y. Jianwei, D. Yanping y S. Binyu, Mater. Sci. Forum 475-479 (2005) 3.207-3.210.

[61] C.A. Santos, J.A. Spim Jr. y A. García, J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 102 (2000) 33-39. doi:10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00448-9

[62] K. Sarioglu y P. Thevoz, 132th TMS Annual Meeting Light Metals, San Diego, CA, EE.UU., 2003, P.N. Crepeau (Eds.), TMS, Warrendale, PA, EE. UU., 2003, pp. 747-751.

[63] M.Y. Ha, K. Kim, K.C. Kim, S.W. Lee, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 37 (1994) 2.059-2.068.

[64] J.D. Hwang, H.J. Lin, W.S. Hwang, y C.T. Hu, ISIJ Int. 35 (1995) 170-177. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.35.170

[65] J.D. Hwang, H.J. Lin, J.S.C. Jang, W.S. Hwang y C.T. Hu, ISIJ Int. 36 (1996) 690-699. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.36.690

[66] R. Parreiras, Doctoral These, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 1997, pp. 176- 223.

[67] M. Paretosh, Doctoral These, Departement of Material Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, EE.UU., 2002, pp. 77-100.

[68] R.P. Tavares, M. Isac y R.I.L. Guthrie, ISIJ Int. 38 (1998) 1.353-1.361.

[69] M. Prates y H. Biloni, Metall. Trans. 3 (1972) 1.501-1.510.

[70] J.P. Birat, P. Blin, J.L. Jacquot, P. Riboud y B. Thomas, Rev Metall. (París) 86 (1989) 919-930.

[71] L. Strezov y J. Herbertson, ISIJ Int. 38 (1998) 959-966. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.38.959

[72] H. Fukase, S. Osada, H. Otsuka y P. Cambell, Iron & Steelmaker 30 (2003) 48-58.

[73] N. Zapuskalov y M. Vereschagin, ISIJ Int. 40 (2000) 589-596. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.40.589

[74] H. Takatani, Ch.A. Gandin y M. Rappaz, Acta Mater. 48 (2000) 675-688. doi:10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00413-9

[75] H. Takeuchi, S. Tanaka, Y. Yamagami, H. Nakajima, M. Yamada, y R. Hikada, Nippon Steel Tech. Rep. 61 (1994) 46-51.

[76] I. Suichi, H. Nakashima, H. Takeuchi, S. Tanaka, M. Yamada, K. Yanagi, K. Yamamoto, H. Takatani, K. Sasaki y Y. Wakiyama, SEAISI Qtrly 25 (1996) 23-30.

[77] T. Arai, M. Yamada, H. Nakashima, H. Takeuchi, S. Tanaka, Y. Yamakami, K. Sasaki y K. Yamamoto, 77th Steelmaking Conf. Proc., vol. 77, 1994, Chicago, EE.UU., I&SS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 1994, pp. 357-363.

[78] D.K. Choo, S. Lee, H.K. Moon, y T. Kan, Metall. Mat. Trans. A, 32 (2001) 2.249-2.258.

[79] M. Ha, J. Choi, S. Jeong., H. Moon, S. Lee, y T. Kang, Metall. Mat. Trans. A 33 (2002) 1.487-1.497.

[80] N.M. Zapuskalov, Int. J. Cast. Metal. Res. 9 (1996) 45-49.

[81] C.M. Park, W.S. Kim y G.J. Park, Mech. Res. Commun. 30 (2003) 297–310. doi:10.1016/S0093-6413(03)00033-8

[82] C.G. Kang y Y.D. Kim, J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 67 (1997) 71-77. doi:10.1016/S0924-0136(96)02821-X

[83] C.G. Kang, Y.D. Kim y S.W. Lee, Melt Spinning strip Casting and Slab Casting, E.F. Matthys and W.G. Truckner (Eds.), TMS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 1996, pp. 65-86.

[84] C.G. Kang y Y.D. Kim, Metall. Mat. Trans. B 28 (1997) 1.213-1.225.

[85] C.G. Kang, Y.D. Kim y Y.J. Chun, Proc. Thermec’97, Wollongong, Australia, 1997, T. Chandra and T. Sakai (Eds.), TMS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 1997, pp. 2.193-2.199.

[86] R.L. Wechsler y J.J. Ferriola, AISE Steel Technol., Sept. (2002) pp. 69-74.

[87] N. Zapuskalov y M. Vereschagin, ISIJ Int. 38 (1998) 1.107-1.113.

[88] N. Zapuskalov, ISIJ Int. 43 (2003) 1.115–1.127.

[89] M. Ferry, Direct strip casting of metals and alloys. Processing, microstructure and properties, Woodhead Pub. Ltd. (Eds.), Cambridge, Inglaterra, 2006, pp.1-275.

[90] W.H. Hwang, D.S. Lee, y Y.H. Kim, RIST J. R&D 11 (1997) 391-403.

[91] D.S. Lee, M.G. Joo, Y.H. Kim y T. Kang, RIST J. R&D 13 (1999) 290-296.

[92] Y.H. Kim, D.S. Lee, M.G. Joo, C.M. Park y H.N. Chung, RIST J. R&D 13 (1999) 385-395.

[93] M.G. Joo, Y.H. Kim y T. Kang, IEE Proc. Contr. Theor. Appl. 149 (2002) 357-364. doi:10.1049/ip-cta:20020489

[94] Y.H Kim, D.S. Lee, M.G. Joo, T. Kang y K.N. Paek, Proc. ISIE 2001, 6th IEEE Ind. Symp. on Ind. Electronics, vol.1, Pusan, Korea, 2001, Piscataway NJ (Eds.), IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, EE. UU., 2001, pp.520-525.

[95] Y.H. Kim, D.S. Lee, W.H. Hwang y K.N. Paek, Proc. IASTED Int. Conf. Modelling, Identification and Control, Insbruck, Austria, 2002, M.H. Hamza (Eds.), Austria, 2002, pp. 1-7.

[96] E.E.M. Luiten, Doctoral These, Universiteit, Faculteit Scheikunde, Utrecht, Holanda, 2001, pp. 137-155.

[97] E.E.M. Luiten y K. Blok, Energ. Policy 31 (2003) 1.339-1.356.

[98] E.E.M. Luiten, H.V. Lente y K. Blok, Technovation 26 (2006) 1.029-1.044.

[99] A.W. Cramb y A. Rollet, Final Report Strip Casting DE-FC07-97ID13554, AISI/DOE Technology Roadmap Program, AISI, Pittsburgh, PA, EE.UU., 2001, pp.1-15.

[100] Office of Industrial Technologies Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, Strip Casting: Anti cipating New Routes to Steel Sheet, Washington, EE.UU., 2001, pp. 1-2.

[101] P. Warrian y C. Mulhern, Annual Meeting Innovation Systems Research Network, Quebec, Canada, 2002, D.A. Wolfe (Eds.), McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal, Canada, 2003, pp. 37-62.

[102] N. Zapuskalov, Russian Business 26 (2003) 1-1.

[103] Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), San 32 Hyoja-dong, Namgu Pohang, 790-600 Republic of Korea. http://www.rist.re.kr/new/english/index.php.

[104] Industrial Materials Institute (IMI), NRC Ca na da. Québec, Canada. http://www.imi.cnrc-nrc.gc.ca.

[105] Centro Sviluppo Materiali (CSM), Rome, Italy. http://www.c-s-m.it.

[106] Castrip Story: The Original Concept, pp. 1-3, Castrip, LLC, Charlotte, NC, EE.UU. http://www.castrip.com.

[107] W. Blejde, R. Mahapatra, y H. Fukase, Proc. METEC Cong. Int. Conf. New Develop. in Metall. Proc. Technol., Stahlinstitut VDEh, Düsseldorf, Alemania, 1999, Deutcher Eisenhütten leute (Eds.), Düsseldorf, Alemania, 1999, pp. 176-181.

[108] Nucor picks partners for strip casting joint venture. http://www.purchasing.com (4 may. 2000)

[109] P. Campbell, W. Blejde, R. Mahapatra, y R. Wechsler, Metallurgist 48 (2004) 507-514. doi:10.1007/s11015-005-0016-z

[110] P.C. Campbell, R.L. Wechsler y W. Blejde, Proc. AIST Iron & Steel Conf., Vol. II, Nashville, TE, EE.UU., 2004, AIST, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 2004, pp. 1.027-1.031.

[111] P. Campbell, G. Gillen, W. Blejde, y R. Maha patra, Steel World 7 (2002) 45-48.

[112] G.J. McManus, AISE Steel Technol. 77 (2000) 60.

[113] B. Nelson, Forbes Magazine, April 16 (2001). http://www.forbes.com.

[114] Nucor-Castrip, News release, August 25 (2004). http://www.nucor.com.

[115] Metal producing and processing news, June 18 (2004) 1. http://www.33metalproducing.com/archive.php.

[116] Manufacturingtalk 2004. http://www.manufacturingtalk.com (25 jun. y 7 sep. 2004).

[117] R. Wechsler, K. Pronold y G. Gillen, Proc. METEC Cong., 3rd European Rolling Conference, Stahlinstitut VDEh Düsseldorf, Alemania, 2003, Stahleisen (Eds.), Düsseldorf, Alemania, 2003, pp. 20-25.

[118] Breaking News, Forecast a publication of Castrip LLC, vol V, 2005, pp. 1-4.

[119] Steel News,May 06, 2003, AIST, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 1.

[120] M. Walter, G. Stebner, J.M. Damasse, P. Tolve y G. Hohenbichler, Steel Times Int. 25 (2001) 33-37.

[121] H. Legrand, U. Albrecht-Fru.h y A. Flick, Metall. Ital. 94 (2002) 54-59.

[122] G. Hohenbichler y G. Widner, Proc. METEC Cong., 3rd European Rolling Conference, Stahlins titut VDEh, Düsseldorf, Alemania, 2003, Stahleisen (Eds.), Düsseldorf, Alemania, 2003, pp. 26-34.

[123] A.W. Cramb, Strip Casting Steels Current Developments, Encyclopedia of Materials : Science and Technology, Elsevier Ltd.(Eds.), 2004, pp. 1-4.

[124] M. Walter, W. Mankau, H.J. Figge, D. Themines, R. Tonelli, y G. Eckerstorfer, Stahl Eisen 121 (2001) 83-87.

[125] Nippon Steel Corporation, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan. http://www.nsc.co.jp.

[126] Nippon Steel News, 229 (1991) 1.

[127] Nippon Steel News, 256 (1996) 1.

[128] M. Yamada, K. Isogami, H. Hosoda, H. Nakashima, M. Okimori, y K. Sasaki, Steel World 7 (2002) 49-54.

[129] Posco 1, Koedong-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang Kyon gsangbuk-do, Korea. http://www.posco.com

[130] H.K. Moon, W.S. Kim, A. Hetherington, y M. Rushforth, SEAISI Qtrly 25 (1996) 31-40.

[131] H.K. Moon, C.H. Park, H.N. Cheong, C.G. Lee y T. Kang, Proc. The Merton C. Flemings Symp. on Solidification. and Mater. Proceesing, Cambridge, Massachussetts, MA, EE.UU., 2000, M.C. Flemings, R. Abbaschian, H.D. Brody y A. Mortensen (Eds.), TMS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU.; 2001, pp.507-511.

[132] H.K. Moon, D.K. Choo, T. Kang, y K.S. Kim, Proc. 60th Electric Furnace Conference, 2002, San Antonio, TX, EE. UU., 2002, D.L. Kanagy y M.A. Baker (Eds.) I&SS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU, 2002, pp.499-508.

[133] L. Boselovic, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 23 (2004) http://www.post-gazette.com

[134] J. Lin, Philly.com, March 22 (2004). http://www.philly.com.

[135] Strip Casting Technology, http://www.ilib.cn.

[136] A. Angelini y P. Tolve, Proc. European Stainless Steel Conf, Innovation Stainless Steel, vol. 2, Florencia, Italy, 1993, Associazione Italiana de Metallurgia (Eds.), Milán, Italia, 1993, pp. 2.1-2.14.

[137] A.L. Robson, G.L. Thompson, P. Longdon y A. Wilkinson, Proc. THERMEC´97, Wollongong, Australia, 1997, T. Chandra y T. Sakai (Eds.), TMS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 1997, pp. 2.263-2.277

[138] X. Zhang, Z. Jiang, X. Liu y G. Wang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 22 (2006) 295-300.

[139] X.M. Zhang, Z.Y. Jiang, X.H. Liu y G.D. Wang, J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 162–163 (2005) 591-595. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.127

[140] K. Mukunthan, F. DeSylva, L. Strezov, J. Hebert son, Metall. Ital. 94 (2002) 39-46.

[141] D. Raabe, Acta Mater. 45 (1997) 1.137-1.151.

[142] D. Raabe, Mater. Sci. Technol. 11 (1995) 461-468.

[143] D. Raabe, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 26 (1995) 991-998. doi:10.1007/BF02649096

[144] A. Flick y G. Hohenbichler, Steel Times Int. 26 (2002) 20-22.

[145] R. Mahapatra, W. Blejde, G. Gillen, P. Campbell y R. Wechsler, Proc. SCANMET II – 2nd Int. Conf. Process Development in Iron and Steelmaking, vol I, Luleá, Suecia, 2004, MEFOS (Eds.), Luleá, Suecia, 2004, pp. 161-173.

[146] W. Blejde, R. Mahapatra, y H. Fukase, I&SM 27 (2000) 29-33.

[147] D. Senk, G.L. Thompson, W. Bleck, P. Vicente, R. Kopp y R. Steffen, European Commission Report EUR 19364 EN, 2000, pp. 1-132.

[148] I. Ibarrondo, Embutición Extraprofunda. Ed. Universidad del País Vasco, España, 1985, pp. 1-144.

[149] K. Banerjee y A.D. Rollett, I&SM 30 (2003) 62-68.

[150] ASTM International, Norma: A 1039/A 1039M-04.

[151] CRU International Ltd., Special Report, Thin-Gauge Hot-Rolled vs. Cold-Rolled - The Future for Thin-Gauge Hot-Rolled Sheet, Londres, Inglaterra, 1998, pp. 180. http://www.crugroup.com.

[152] I. Ibarrondo y J.M. San Juan, Adv. Eng. Mater. 2 (2000) 518-521. doi:10.1002/1527-2648(200008)2:8<518::AID-ADEM518>3.0.CO;2-K

[153] B.V. Motilov, N.M. Zapuskalov y A.N. Savvin, Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 34 (1993) 555-558.

[154] N.M. Zapuskalov, Int. J. Cast. Met. Res. 9 (1996) 153-156.

[155] J.Y. Park, K.H. Oh y H.Y. Ra, Scr. Mater. 40 (1999) 881-885. doi:10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00044-5

[156] J.Y. Park, K.H. Oh y H.Y. Ra, ISIJ Int. 41 (2001) 70-75. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.41.70

[157] I. Ibarrondo, S. Suriñach y J. González, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 112 (1992) 232-234. doi:10.1016/0304-8853(92)91161-L

[158] I. Ibarrondo, J.M. San Juan y J. González, J.Magn. Magn. Mater. 101 (1991) 83-85. doi:10.1016/0304-8853(91)90685-4

[159] I. Ibarrondo y J. Degauque, Proc. of 40th Mechanical Working and Steel Proc Conf. I&SS, vol. XXXVI, Pittsburgh, PA, EE.UU., 1998, D.L. Kanagy (Pub.) I&SS, Warrendale, PA, EE.UU., 1998, pp. 499-504.

[160] I. Ibarrondo y J. Degauque, Vacuum 53 (1999) 75-78. doi:10.1016/S0042-207X(98)00395-9

[161] I. Ibarrondo y J.M. San Juan, Adv. Eng. Mater. 2 (2000) 518-521. doi:10.1002/1527-2648(200008)2:8<518::AID-ADEM518>3.0.CO;2-K

[162] I. Ibarrondo y J. Degauque, Proc. Thermo mechanical Proces.Steels Conf., IOM, vol 2, Londres, Inglaterra, 2000, IOM Communications (Eds.), The Chameleon Press Ltd., Londres, Inglaterra, 2000, pp. 557-562.

[163] S. Fortunati, F. Folliero y S. Cicalé, Report European Commission EUR 19981 EN, 2001, pp. 1-76.

[164] K. Günther, G. Abbruzzese, S. Fortunati y G. Ligi, Steel Res. Int. 76 (2005) 413-421.

[165] E. Worrell, L. Price y C. Galitsky, Report LBNL-54828. Energy Analysis Department, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, EE.UU., 2004, pp. 4-9.

[166] J. Vaugh, D. Varcoe, SEAISI Qtrly 30 (2001) 46-56.

[167] Institut Wallon de Développement Économique et Social et d’Aménagement du Territoire Asbl, Report EAL030701, Bélgica, 2001, pp. 1-106.

[168] G. Hohenbichler, H. Legrand y U. Albrecht-Früh, SEAISI Qtrly 31 (2002) 27-38.

[169] G. Hohenbichler, G. Windner y J. Schnalzger, SEAISI Qtrly 32 (2003) 23-32.

[170] IFARE-DFIV. E.U.-Project: Assessment on the Air Emissions Impact of Emerging Technologies. Fact Sheet - Ferrous Metals Processing, Strip Casting, 2004, pp. 6-9. http://www.dfiu.wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de.

[171] L. Ernenputsch, Proc. Klimazwei – Research for Climate Protection and Protection from Climate Impacts, Dr. Annette Mu.nzenberg (Eds.), Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Berlin, Alemania, 2007, pp. 10-12.

[172] IISI, Climate change and steel, Meeting the challenge, 2007, pp.1-7.

[173] K. Tanaka, I&SM 15 (1988) 11-15.

[174] R. Quintero, Proc. Gorham/Intertech Mini-Mills of the Future Conf., Charlotte, NC, EE.UU., 1996, Gorham, Intertech Consulting (Eds.), Portland, ME, EE.UU., 1996, pp. 1-12.

[175] T. Creamer, Engineering News, May 24 (2007), http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=109698

[176] J. Kriechmair, Proc. Iran’s First Int’l Steel and Mines Industries Forum, Theran, Islamic Republic of Iran, 2003, S. Hussein (Eds.) Iran International, Theran, Islamic Republic of Iran, 2003, pp. 39-62.

[177] C.P. Reip, W. Henning y R. Hagmann, Iron Steel Technol. 2 (2005) 25-32.

Downloads

Published

2008-12-30

How to Cite

Ibarrondo, I. (2008). Review of the continuous casting of steel by strip casting technology. Twin roll method system. Revista De Metalurgia, 44(6), 521–539. https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.0749

Issue

Section

Reviews