Mapping initial stages of localized corrosion of AA6061-T6 in diluted substitute ocean water by LEIS and SKP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.134Keywords:
AA6061-T6, Corrosion, LEIS, Ocean water, SKP, SEM-EDXAbstract
Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (LEIS) and Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) maps were acquired to characterize the initial corrosion activity of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy in diluted substitute ocean water up to 24 h, simulating low polluted atmospheric environment in chlorides. Both measurements were performed in situ at open circuit potential. LEIS maps showed the distribution of the impedance magnitude |Z| on the alloy surface, suggesting a heterogeneity in development of corrosion-active sites (first pits). SKP maps evidenced the appearance of anodic (with more negative potential) and cathodic sites on the alloy surface, which confirmed the localized character of the corrosion. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the initiation of localized aluminum dissolution in the vicinity of iron-rich intermetallic particles of Al-Fe-Si and in areas with segregated carbon, all acting as cathodes and remaining on the surface with the advance of the process.
Downloads
References
Alodan, M., Smyrl, W. (1998). Detection of localized corrosion of aluminum alloys using fluorescence microscopy. J. Electrochem. Soc. 145 (5), 1571–1577. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1838520
Annergren, I., Zou, F., Thierry, D. (1999). Application of localised electrochemical techniques to study kinetics of initiation and propagation during pit growth. Electrochim. Acta 44 (24), 4383–4393. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00154-1
ASTM D1141-98 (2008). Standard practice for the preparation of substitute ocean water. ASTM, West Conshohocken.
Braun, R. (2006). Investigation on microstructure and corrosion behaviour of 6XXX series aluminium alloys. Mater. Sci. Forum 519–521, 735–740. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.519-521.735
Burstein, G.T., Liu, C., Souto, R.M., Vines, S.P. (2004). Origins of pitting corrosion. Corros. Eng. Sci. Techn. 39 (1), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1179/147842204225016859
Chen, G.S., Gao, M., Wei, R.P. (1996). Microconstituent-induced pitting corrosion in aluminum alloy 2024-T3. Corrosion 52 (1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3292099
Davis, J.R. (1999). Corrosion of aluminum and aluminum alloys. ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA.
Davis, J.R. (2001). Aluminum and aluminum alloys. In Alloying: Understanding the basics. ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA.
Eckermann, F., Suter, T., Uggowitzer, P.J., Afseth, A., Schmutz, P. (2008). The influence of MgSi particle reactivity and dissolution processes on corrosion in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Electrochim. Acta 54 (2), 844–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.05.078
Guillaumin, V., Mankowski, G. (2000). Localized corrosion of 6056 T6 aluminium alloy in chloride media. Corros. Sci. 42 (1), 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(99)00053-0
Hansen, D.C., Grecsek, G.E., Roberts, R.O. (1999). A scanning kelvin probe analysis of aluminum and aluminum alloys. Corrosion´99, NACE International, San Antonio, Texas.
Huang, V.M.W., Vivier, V., Orazem, M.E., Pebere, N., Tribollet, B. (2007). The apparent constant-phase-element behavior of an ideally polarized blocking electrode. J. Electrochem. Soc. 154 (2), C81-C88. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2398882
Huang, V.M.W., Wu, S-L., Orazem, M.E., Pébère, N., Tribollet, B., Vivier, V. (2011). Local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: A review and some recent developments. Electrochim. Acta 56 (23), 8048–8057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.018
ISO 8407 (1991). Corrosion of metals and alloys - Removal of corrosion products from corrosion test specimens, International Organization for Standardization, Genève.
Juzeliunas, E., Leinartas, K., Fürbeth, W., Jüttner, K. (2003). Study of initial stages of Al–Mg alloy corrosion in water, chloride and Cu(II) environment by a scanning Kelvin probe. Corros. Sci. 45 (9), 1939–1950. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(03)00026-X
Lillard, R.S., Moran, P.J., Isaacs, H.S. (1992). A novel method for generating quantitative local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J. Electrochem. Soc. 139 (4), 1007–1012. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2069332
Moreto, J.A., Marino, C.E.B., Bose Filho, W.W., Rocha, L.A., Fernandes, J.C.S. (2014). SVET, SKP and EIS study of the corrosion behaviour of high strength Al and Al-Li alloys used in aircraft fabrication. Corros. Sci. 84, 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.03.001
Orazem, M.E., Tribollet, B. (2017). Local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, USA. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119363682
Rohwerder, M., Stratmann, M., Leblanc, P., Frankel, G.S. (2006). Application of scanning Kelvin probe in corrosion science. In: Analytical methods in corrosion science and engineering. Chapter 16, Edited by P. Marcus, F. Mansfeld, Taylor & Francis Group, USA, pp. 606–648.
Rynders, R.M., Paik, C.H., Ke, R., Alkire, R.C. (1994). Use of in situ atomic force microscopy to image corrosion at inclusions. J. Electrochem. Soc. 141 (6), 1439–1445. https://doi. org/10.1149/1.2054943. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2054943
Staley, J.T. (1989). Treatise on Materials Science and Technology. Aluminium alloys-contemporary research and applications. Vol. 31, Edited by Vasudeavan, A.K., Doherty, R.D., Academic Press, Boston.
Stratmann, M., Streckel, H. (1990a). On the atmospheric corrosion of metals which are covered with thin electrolyte layers-I Verification of the experimental technique. Corros. Sci. 30 (6–7), 681–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(90)90032-Z
Stratmann, M., Streckel, H. (1990b). On the atmospheric corrosion of metals which are covered with thin electrolyte layers-II Experimental results. Corros. Sci. 30 (6–7), 697–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(90)90033-2
Szklarska-Smialowska, Z. (1999). Pitting Corrosion of Aluminum. Corros. Sci. 41 (9), 1743–1767. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0010-938X(99)00012-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(99)00012-8
Vera, R., Schrebler, R., Layana, G., Orellana, F., Olguín, A. (1998). Corrosión por picaduras del aluminio y de la aleación Al-6201 en soluciones de NaCl. Rev. Metal. 34 (3), 268–273. https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1998.v34.i3.793
Yasakau, K.A., Zheludkevich, M.L., Ferreira, M.G.S. (2018). Role of intermetallics in corrosion of aluminum alloys. Smart corrosion protection. In: Intermetallic Matrix Composites, Properties and Applications. Woodhead Publishing, Aveiro, Portugal, pp. 425–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-85709-346-2.00015-7
Zou, F., Thierry, D. (1997). Localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for studying the degradation of organic coatings. Electrochim. Acta 42 (20–22), 3293–3301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(97)00180-1
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
