Pérdida de ductilidad debido a la descarburación y pérdida de Mn de un acero TWIP de tamaño de grano grosero

Fernando de las Cuevas; Javier Gil Sevillano

doi:10.3989/revmetalm.109

Autores/as

Fernando de las Cuevas UPNA (Universidad Pública de Navarra) - Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology, S.L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-7353
Javier Gil Sevillano CEIT y TECNUN (Universidad de Navarra) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-8200

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.109

Palabras clave:

Acero TWIP, Descarburación, Energía de defectos de apilamiento (EDA), Maclaje, α’- martensita, γ – austenita

Resumen

Se ha observado una clara transición de la ductilidad a tracción con el tamaño de grano D del orden 15 μm - 20 μm (1,50 μm ≤ D < 50 μm) en un acero TWIP, 22% de Mn, 0,6% de C (% en masa). Este comportamiento es una combinación de un efecto intrínseco del tamaño de grano D en la resistencia y el endurecimiento por deformación del material, con un efecto extrínseco, proceso de descarburación superficial y pérdida de Mn ocurrido durante los tratamientos de recocido a T ≥ 1000 ºC. En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado en profundidad este efecto extrínseco sucedido en el acero TWIP. Se han realizado análisis por GDOES (Espectroscopia Óptica de Descarga Luminiscente) para estudiar cuantitativamente los perfiles de concentración de C y Mn. La profundidad de descarburación superficial se ha modelizado usando la teoría de Birks-Jackson. Se ha observado vía ferritoscopio que, en el volumen descarburizado, coexisten dos microconstituyentes: α’-martensita y γ-austenita. La ductilidad del acero TWIP de tamaño de grano grosero, sometido a altas temperaturas y largos tiempos de recocido, disminuye como consecuencia de la formación de α’-martensita y γ-austenita menos estable con menor energía de defectos de apilamiento, EDA, debido a la pérdida de Mn en el volumen descarburizado.

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