La eliminación de metales tóxicos presentes en efluentes líquidos mediante resinas de cambio iónico. Parte XIII: Zinc(II)/H+/Lewatit OC-1026

Francisco José Alguacil

doi:10.3989/revmetalm.172

Autores/as

Francisco José Alguacil Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM, CSIC) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3384

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.172

Palabras clave:

Efluentes líquidos, Eliminación, Lewatit OC-1026, Nanotubos de carbono de pared múltiple, Zinc(lI)

Resumen

La resina de intercambio catiónico Lewatit OC-1026 (que tiene como grupo activo al acido di-2-etilhexil fosfórico adsorbido) se ha utilizado para la eliminación de zinc(II) de disoluciones acuosas. Esta eliminación se ha investigado bajo diferentes condiciones experimentales: velocidad de agitación (400-1200 min⁻¹), temperatura (20-60 °C), pH del medio acuoso (1-4) y concentración de la resina (0,05-0,4 g·L⁻¹). La carga de zinc(II) en la resina disminuye con el aumento de la temperatura (reacción exotérmica) en un proceso espontaneo, alcanzándose el equilibrio en tiempos mas cortos al aumentar esta variable. A 20 °C, los datos experimentales se ajustan a la cinética de pseudo-segundo orden, mientras que a 60 °C el modelo cinético que mejor representa la carga del metal en la resina es el de segundo orden. El proceso de cambio iónico depende del valor de pH del medio acuoso, disminuyendo el tanto por ciento de la carga del metal en la resina con la disminución de este valor (de 4 a 1); a pH 4, la carga del metal responde al modelo de difusión en la partícula y a la isoterma tipo-2 de Langmuir. La resina Lewatit OC-1026 presenta mejores características, respecto a la eliminación de zinc(II), que los nanotubos de carbono funcionarizados (grupos carboxílicos) y sin funcionalizar. El zinc(II) cargado en la resina puede ser eluido mediante el uso de disoluciones ácidas.

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